Controlling LED Intensity with Variable Resistance Potentiometer(STEAM Education)

Project : 20

Controlling LED Intensity with Variable Resistance (Potentiometer)

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Project Aim:

To understand the concept of variable resistance using a potentiometer and demonstrate its application in controlling the intensity of light.

Components Used:

1.     Power Supply

2.     Resistors of 100Ω & 220Ω

3.     LED

4.     NPN Transistor

5.     Potentiometer

6.     Connecting Wires

 

Circuit Diagram:

   

Connection Procedure:

Step 1: Placing Potentiometer in the KIT Board, Connect VCC terminal of the Potentiometer to Pin 69, OUTPUT terminal to Pin 67 and GND terminal to the Pin 65

Step 2: Connect the positive terminal of the power supply (pin 62) to one end of Resistor 220Ω (R2, Pin 3).

Step 3: Connect another end of the Resistor 220Ω (R2, Pin 4) to Anode of the LED (Pin 45).

Step 4: Connect Cathode of the LED (Pin 46) to Collector pin of NPN Transistor (Pin 31).

Step 5: Connect Emitter pin of NPN Transistor (Pin 29) to the negative terminal of Power Supply (Pin 59).

Step 6: Connect the Base of the NPN transistor (Pin 30) to one end of the Resistor 100Ω (Pin1).

Step 7: Connect the other end of the resistor 100Ω (Pin 2) to the output terminal of the potentiometer corresponding pin (Pin 68).

Step 8: Connect the VCC terminal of the potentiometer corresponding pin (Pin 70) to the positive terminal of the power supply (Pin 63).

Step 9: Connect the GND terminal of the potentiometer corresponding pin (Pin 66) to the negative terminal of the power supply (pin 60).

Step 10: Adjust the potentiometer's sliding contact to regulate the voltage at the base of the NPN transistor, controlling the LED's brightness.

 

Explanation:

In this project, we'll explore how a potentiometer, a type of variable resistor with three terminals, regulates electric current flow. By adjusting the position of a sliding contact along a uniform resistance, the potentiometer acts as a voltage divider. The input voltage is distributed across the resistor's length, and the output voltage is the difference between the fixed and sliding contacts. Rotating the sliding arm changes the resistance, thereby altering the intensity of light. This allows us to achieve controlled output based on the potentiometer's position.

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