Research on IoT based Attendace System

Introduction

An attendance system is a technology solution designed to track and manage the presence of individuals in various settings, such as schools, workplaces, and events. These systems can range from traditional methods, like paper registers, to advanced digital solutions that utilize biometric data, RFID cards, or mobile applications.

Component Use

Attendance systems utilize various components to efficiently track and manage presence in organizations. Key elements include user identification methods such as biometric scanners and RFID cards, which provide secure check-in options. Data collection devices like attendance terminals and web interfaces gather attendance information, while software applications manage and analyze this data. Networking equipment ensures real-time communication between devices, and reporting tools generate insights and metrics for decision-making. Integration capabilities with other systems further streamline operations, making attendance systems essential for enhancing accuracy and efficiency in both educational and corporate environment.

Components Required

•             ESP32 Microcontroller

•          MFRC522 RFID Reader

•          LiquidCrystal_I2C Display

•          Jumper Wires

•          Power Bank (for power supply)

 

Image of Component Used

PHP CODE

<?php

$servername = "localhost";  // Your database host

$username = "root";         // Database username

$password = "";             // Database password

$dbname = "attendance_db";  // Database name

 

// Create a connection to the database using MySQLi

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

 

// Check the connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

}

 

// Check if 'uid' is received from the GET request

if (isset($_GET['uid'])) {

    $uid = trim($_GET['uid']);  // Trim any whitespace from the UID

   

    // Determine uname based on the value of uid

    if ($uid === "33:ba:9a:f5") {

        $uname = "misty";

    } else {

        $uname = "unknown user";

    }

 

    // Use a prepared statement to prevent SQL injection

    $stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO attendance_records (uid, uname, timestamp) VALUES (?, ?, NOW())");

    if ($stmt) {

        $stmt->bind_param("ss", $uid, $uname);  // Bind the UID and uname parameters as strings

 

        // Execute the query and check if successful

        if ($stmt->execute()) {

            echo "New record created successfully";

        } else {

            echo "Error: " . $stmt->error;

        }

 

        // Close the prepared statement

        $stmt->close();

    } else {

        echo "Error preparing statement: " . $conn->error;

    }

} else {

    echo "UID not received.";

}

 

// Close the connection

$conn->close();

?>

Arduino code

#include <Wire.h>               // Library for I2C communication

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>  // Library for LCD display via I2C

#include <SPI.h>                // Library for SPI communication

#include <MFRC522.h>            // Library for RFID reader

#include <WiFi.h>               // Library for Wi-Fi

 

#define SS_PIN 27              // Pin for Slave Select (SS) of RFID reader

#define RST_PIN 5              // Pin for Reset (RST) of RFID reader

 

MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create an MFRC522 object with SS and RST pins

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Create an LCD object with I2C address 0x27 and 16x2 display

 // Your Wi-Fi credentials

const char* ssid = "OnePlus";

const char* password = "thakuri1";

 // Your server IP address (not localhost) and port

const char* serverHost = " 192.168.38.51"; // Replace with your server's IP address

const int serverPort = 80;                // Port number for the server

const byte predefined[] = {0x33, 0xBA, 0x9A, 0xF5}; // Example UID, adjust to your actual UID

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200);      // Initialize serial communication at 115200 baud rate

  SPI.begin();               // Initialize SPI communication

  lcd.init();                // Initialize the LCD

  lcd.backlight();           // Turn on the LCD

   // Connect to Wi-Fi

  connectToWiFi();

   // Display initial welcome message on LCD

  lcd.setCursor(2, 0);

  lcd.print("Attendance");

  delay(1000);               // Wait for 1 second

  lcd.setCursor(1, 1);

  lcd.print("System");

  delay(2000);               // Wait for 2 seconds

   lcd.clear();               // Clear the LCD display

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

  lcd.print("Please");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

  lcd.print("Scan card");

 rfid.PCD_Init();           // Initialize the RFID reader

  Serial.println("Scan RFID card");

}

 

void loop() {

  // Check if a new RFID card is present

  if (!rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {

    return; // Exit if no new card is detected

  }

 // Try to read the UID from the detected card

  if (!rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {

    return; // Exit if reading the UID fails

  }

 

  lcd.clear();

    lcd.clear();       

  Serial.print("Card UID: ");

  byte scannedUID[rfid.uid.size]; // Array to store the scanned UID bytes

 // Read the UID bytes from the RFID card

  for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {

    scannedUID[i] = rfid.uid.uidByte[i]; // Store each byte of UID

    Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX); // Print each byte in hexadecimal format

    Serial.print(" ");

  }

  Serial.println();

  // Compare the scanned UID with the predefined UID

  bool match = (rfid.uid.size == sizeof(predefined)); // Check if the size of UID matches

  if (match) {

    for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {

      if (scannedUID[i] != predefined[i]) { // Compare each byte

        match = false; // Set flag to false if any byte does not match

        break; // Exit the loop if mismatch is found

      }

    }

  } 

   // Display welcome message on LCD

   lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

  if (match) {       

    lcd.print("Misty Sharma");

    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

    lcd.print("Present");

    Serial.println("Present");

  } else {           

    lcd.print("Access Denied");

    Serial.println("Access Denied");

  }   

  Serial.print("Card UID: ");

  String uidString = "";

  // Read the UID bytes from the RFID card

  for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {

    uidString += String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);

    if (i < rfid.uid.size - 1) uidString += ":";

    Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);

    Serial.print(" ");

  }

  Serial.println();

  // Send UID to server

  sendDataToServer(uidString);

   delay(2000); // Display result for 2 seconds

  lcd.clear();     

  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

  lcd.print("Please");

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

  lcd.print("Scan card");

  rfid.PICC_HaltA(); 

  rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1(); // Stop encryption on the RFID reader

}

 

void connectToWiFi() {

  Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi...");

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

 // Wait until the connection is established

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

    delay(1000);

    Serial.print(".");

  }

  Serial.println("\nConnected to WiFi");

  Serial.print("IP address: ");

  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

}

 void sendDataToServer(String uid) {

  WiFiClient client;

  String url = "/new_attendance.php?uid=" + uid;  // Only the path, not full URL

 

  Serial.print("Connecting to ");

  Serial.print(serverHost);

  Serial.print(":");

  Serial.println(serverPort);

// Try to connect to the server

  if (client.connect(serverHost, serverPort)) {

    Serial.println("Connected to server");

 

    // Send the HTTP GET request

    client.print(String("GET ") + url + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" +

                 "Host: " + serverHost + "\r\n" +

                 "Connection: close\r\n\r\n");

 

    // Wait for the response and print it

    while (client.connected() && !client.available()) {

      delay(10);  // Wait for the response

    }

  while (client.available()) {

    String line = client.readStringUntil('\r');

      Serial.print(line);

    }

  } else {

    Serial.println("Failed to connect to server");

  }

  client.stop(); // Close the connection

}

Conclusion

In conclusion, attendance systems play a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of tracking presence across various environments. By leveraging advanced technologies such as biometric identification, RFID, and mobile applications, these systems streamline the attendance process, reduce administrative burdens, and provide valuable data insights. The integration of reporting tools and networking capabilities further enhances their functionality, allowing organizations to make informed decisions based on attendance patterns. As the demand for automation and data-driven management continues to grow, implementing a robust attendance system is essential for optimizing human resource management and fostering accountability in both educational and corporate settings.

Team Member Name

·       Aarushi Basyal

·       Bishnu Mahato

·       Sujan Rana Magar

·       Manoj Malla

·       Bibek Bansi Thakuri

·       Sudikshya Temilsina

·       Prayas Gurung