Micro Servo SG90: The micro servo 9G is a light, good quality and very fast servo motor. This servo is designed to work with most radio control systems. It is perfect for small robotics projects. The SG90 mini servo with accessories is perfect for remote-controlled helicopters, planes, cars, boats and trucks. 

Bread Board: A Breadboard is simply a board for prototyping or building circuits on. It allows you to place components and connections on the board to make circuits without soldering. The holes in the breadboard take care of your connections by physically holding onto parts or wires where you put them and electrically connecting them inside the board. The ease of use and speed are great for learning and quick prototyping of simple circuits. More complex circuits and high frequency circuits are less suited to breadboarding. Breadboard circuits are also not ideal for long term use like circuits built on perfboard (protoboard) or PCB (printed circuit board), but they also don’t have the soldering (protoboard), or design and manufacturing costs (PCBs).

Jumper Wires: Jumper wires are simple, flexible wires used to make temporary connections in electronic circuits, especially during prototyping. They are commonly used with breadboards to link components like sensors, resistors, and microcontrollers without needing soldering.

These wires typically come in three variations:

Male to Male (M-M): Wires with metal pins on both ends.

Female to Female (F-F): Wires with sockets on both ends.

Male to Female (M-F): One end has a pin, and the other has a socket.

They come in different lengths and colors, helping organize connections clearly.

Dustbin: Dustbin is a plastic container where everyone can dispose their waste. Dustbin is used as a storage place to dispose waste, but we cannot estimate the exact amount of waste disposed by a society, and the dustbin cannot take more waste as the space should be available in it to take more. Mostly dustbins are made up of strong plastics and metals.

 

     

Working Concept:

      ·       It is important to dispose of the trash properly. It is a responsibility with which everyone should comply. In the era of Covid-19, people are trying to innovate everyday life things and make things as contactless as possible. Smart dustbin is one of those innovative ideas.

          ·       The smart dustbin uses an Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to detect objects in front.

            ·       It then sends the signals to ESP 32. The ESP understands the signal and sends a signal to the Servomotor which opens the flap on top of the dustbin.

             ·       Here we have program it to open the race automatically when the person comes near to throw the trash and after 3 seconds the flap automatically closes.

                 ·       You can change that time just by making minor changes to the code in Arduino IDE.

         

Code For Aurdino

 

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

 

/* Fill in information from Blynk Device Info here */

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL6pW1xhGl0"

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Dustbin"

#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "s91SPH62x-0mA6N_K_PjHJolEoPA6Gwe"

 

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <WiFiClient.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>

#include <ESP32Servo.h>

 

// WiFi credentials

char ssid[] = "Mmc hall";

char pass[] = "31219495";

 

// Ultrasonic sensor pins

const int trigPin = 5;

const int echoPin = 18;

 

// Servo motor pin

static const int servoPin = 13;

Servo servo1;  // Create a servo object

 

// Define sound speed in cm/uS

#define SOUND_SPEED 0.034

 

// Variables for ultrasonic sensor

long duration;

float distanceCm;

int angle;

int binDepth = 50; // Maximum bin depth in cm (adjust to match your bin's size)

 

void setup() {

  // Serial monitor

  Serial.begin(115200);

 

  // Initialize Blynk

  Blynk.begin(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN, ssid, pass);

 

  // Ultrasonic sensor setup

  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);  // Sets the echoPin as an Input

 

  // Servo setup

  servo1.attach(servoPin);

  servo1.write(0);  // Ensure the servo starts at 0 degrees (closed)

}

 

void loop() {

  // Blynk run function

  Blynk.run();

 

  // Clears the trigPin

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  delayMicroseconds(2);

 

  // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 microseconds

  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(10);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

 

  // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

 

  // Calculate the distance in cm

  distanceCm = duration * SOUND_SPEED / 2;

 

  // Prints the distance in the Serial Monitor

  Serial.print("Distance (cm): ");

  Serial.println(distanceCm);

 

  // Check if an object is within 50 cm (adjust this threshold if needed)

  if (distanceCm > 0 && distanceCm <= 20) { // Detect if someone is close

    // If an object is detected within 20 cm, turn the servo to 90 degrees

    servo1.write(90);

    angle=90;

    Serial.println("Object detected, servo at 90 degrees");

  } else {

    // If no object is detected, keep the servo at 0 degrees

    servo1.write(0);

    angle=0;

    Serial.println("No object detected, servo at 0 degrees");

  }

 

  // Calculate bin fullness percentage

  // Fullness: 0 to 100%

 

 

  // Send bin level data to Blynk app (assume V1 is the virtual pin for bin level)

 

  Blynk.virtualWrite(V0,   distanceCm);

  Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, angle);

 

  delay(1000);  // Wait for 1 second before taking the next reading

}

Circuit Diagram

              

Importance of a Smart Dustbin

1. Hygiene and Cleanliness: This reduces the need to manually touch the dustbin, which helps maintain cleanliness and prevents the spread of germs.

 2. Automation: It makes waste disposal more convenient by automatically opening when you approach the dustbin with waste. The lid closes automatically after disposal.

3. Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly: Smart dustbins can encourage proper waste disposal, reduce littering, and can be made from inexpensive components.

4. Energy Efficiency: The system only consumes power when it detects an object and activates the motor, making it energy-efficient.

Features of Smart Dustbin:

1. Automatic Lid Opening: The dustbin automatically opens the lid when an object (like a hand or trash) is detected within a 20 cm range by the ultrasonic sensor.

2. Time-Delayed Lid Closing - After the lid opens, it remains open for a few seconds (programmable delay) and then closes automatically.

3. Energy-Efficient Operation - The ESP32 and motor are activated only when the ultrasonic sensor detects an object nearby. The system remains in standby mode at other times, conserving energy.

4. Adjustable Distance Sensitivity The detection range (set at 20 cm) can be customized in the code. You can adjust it based on user preference or environment to detect objects from a longer or shorter distance.

6. Object Detection Accuracy - Fine-tune the ultrasonic sensor’s sensitivity to avoid false triggers (e.g., detecting objects too far away or not related to trash disposal).

7. Low Power Sleep Mode - When the system has been idle for a long period, it goes into a low-power sleep mode to save battery or reduce power consumption.

8. Compact and Modular Design - The breadboard makes it easy to prototype and adjust the design, allowing for future expansions like connecting sensors for bin fullness detection or adding other features.

Advantages of Smart Dustbin Technology: The benefits of smart dustbin technology are not confined to operational efficiency alone. It also brings about a paradigm shift in how communities handle waste management at the community level. Here are some key advantages:

      i.          i) Smart dustbins collection services are alerted when the bin is nearing capacity, thereby streamlining collections and saving resources.

    ii.          ii) Overfilled bins are not just unsightly; they can be a health hazard, attracting pests and spreading disease. Smart dustbins eliminate the problem of overfilled bins, leading to cleaner, healthier public spaces.

  iii.         iii)  Provides touch less operation, improving hygiene by minimizing physical contact with the dustbin.

  iv.          iv) Ensures enough time for users to dispose of waste, preventing the lid from closing too quickly

     v.          v) Efficient power consumption, especially useful for battery-operated or portable setups.

  vi.         vi)  Flexible usability for different spaces (kitchens, offices, public areas).

vii.          vii) Improves the accuracy of the system and prevents unnecessary opening of the lid, making it more reliable in busy environments.

      i.          viii) Allows future upgrades and easy modification of components for improvements or additional features.

Limitations:

      i.         i)  According to the city's population, the system needs more trash cans for separate garbage collection. Because smart dustbins are more expensive than conventional solutions, this leads to a high initial cost.

    ii.         ii)  The dustbins' sensor nodes have a small amount of memory.

  iii.         iii)  The system uses wireless technologies with lesser data speeds and shorter ranges, like Wi-Fi and ZigBee. RFID tags in systems that rely on RFID are impacted by nearby metal items, if any.

  iv.         iv) The individuals using the smart waste management system must receive the training.

     v.        v)   If some problems arises in the dustbin IT experts are required to maintain it.

         Future Plans: Here are some future plans and features you could consider implementing:

     a.     Incorporate a weight sensor to measure the weight of waste. It can complement the distance sensor to give a more accurate fill level.

     b.    Odor Detection: Add an odor sensor to detect when the bin needs to be emptied based on smell, not just fill level.

     c.     Temperature Monitoring: Track temperature to detect overheating or potential hazards like fires in the trash.

     d.    Use AI to classify waste automatically (e.g., separating recyclables from general waste) by integrating a camera and machine learning model.

     e.     Gather data on usage patterns (e.g., frequency of use, type of waste) and offer insights via the app, helping users improve waste management.

     f.      Add a solar panel to make the dustbin self-sustaining, reducing the need for external power.

     g.    Develop an intelligent system to reduce energy usage when the bin is not in use (e.g., using motion detection to power on/off the system).

      h.    Allow for the bin to be easily located for city waste management services.

      i.      Link the bin to a wider smart city network where waste collection trucks are alerted when multiple bins in the area are full, optimizing collection routes.

       j.      Enable voice control features for opening and closing the lid or providing status updates.

      k.    Add more interactive elements like an LED display that shows the current status or simple messages (e.g., “Full”, “Needs Emptying”).

      l.      Design a version of the bin that can handle compostable waste separately, aiding in eco-friendly waste management. 

     m.  Aim to get the smart bin certified as eco-friendly, contributing to sustainability efforts.

By gradually integrating these features, you can turn your smart dustbin into a more comprehensive and intelligent waste management solution for homes, offices, or cities.

Conclusion: Smart Dustbin project report highlights the significance of your system in addressing waste management challenges. It emphasizes the success of integrating IoT components like the ESP32, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors to automate waste disposal processes. The project demonstrates a practical and eco-friendly solution, promoting hygiene, reducing human effort, and enabling remote monitoring through Blynk. The report suggests that with further enhancements like AI integration, solar power, and more advanced sensors, the system could be scaled to improve efficiency and sustainability in waste management across various environments.

OUR MOTIVE TO SEE: